영어 전치사 치트시트

시간·장소·이동·방향·원인·관계·콜로케이션·생략 규칙 총정리

시간 전치사 — 범위 클수록 in, 작을수록 at

전치사범위예시
in 넓은 기간 (연·월·계절·아침/오후) in 2024, in March, in summer, in the morning
on 하루 단위 (요일·날짜) on Monday, on March 5th, on Christmas Day
at 특정 시점 (시각·순간) at 3 o'clock, at noon, at midnight, at the moment

함정 — this/next/last 붙으면 전치사 탈락

전치사 생략 — 시간 부사

장소 전치사 — 동일 논리

전치사범위예시
in 둘러싸인 공간 안 in the room, in Seoul, in the box, in a car (밀폐)
on 표면 위 접촉 on the table, on the wall, on the floor, on a bus/train/plane
at 특정 지점·장소 at the bus stop, at the door, at school (위치), at the office

교통수단 — in vs on

at school vs in school

이동 전치사 — 도달하냐 vs 방향만이냐

전치사의미예시
to 목적지 도달 go to Seoul, walk to the door
toward 방향만 (도달 여부 모름) walk toward the door (열지 않을 수도)
into 안으로 진입 (동작) walk into the room, jump into the pool
onto 표면 위로 도달 (동작) climb onto the roof, jump onto the table

상태 vs 동작

onto vs over

방향 내포 동사 — to 생략

투과·통과 전치사 — 어떻게 지나가냐

전치사의미예시
through 내부를 관통 (3D 공간 안) through the tunnel, through the window, through the forest
across 표면을 가로질러 (2D 평면) across the street, across the bridge, across the room
along 선을 따라 이동 along the river, along the road, along the corridor
past 옆을 지나침 (멈추지 않음) walk past the shop, drive past the school

through vs across

through vs beyond

수직 위치 전치사 — 접촉하냐 vs 안 하냐

전치사의미접촉예시
over 바로 위 (덮거나 이동 포함) 가능 a blanket over him, fly over the city
above 위 (단순 높이·수치 비교) 없음 lamp above the table, above zero, above average
under 바로 아래 (덮여 있는 느낌) 가능 under the table, under the blanket
below 아래 (단순 위치·수치·층위) 없음 below zero, below sea level, below average

근접·분리 전치사

전치사의미예시
near 가까이 (거리 막연) near the station, near here
by / beside 바로 옆 (near보다 가까움) sit by me, stand beside the door
between 사이 (둘, 또는 명확히 구분된 것들) between A and B, between you and me
among 사이 (셋 이상, 무리 속에 섞임) among friends, among the trees, among the clothes
from 출발점·분리·출신 from Korea, take from the shelf, far from perfect

원인·수단·도구 전치사

전치사의미예시
by 수단·방법 / 행위자 (수동태) by car, by hand, painted by Picasso, by pushing
with 도구 (손에 쥔 것) cut with a knife, write with a pen, killed with a knife
because of 원인 구어 late because of traffic, because of you
due to 원인 격식 cancelled due to rain, delayed due to bad weather

by 교통수단 — 관사 없음

by car / by bus / by train / by plane  |  by a car / by the bus

관련·주제 전치사

전치사의미예시
about ~에 관해 구어 talk about money, a book about war
on ~에 관해 격식·학술 a lecture on economics, an essay on climate
of ~의 (소속·내용·구성·추상) the smell of coffee, fear of failure, made of wood
for ~을 위해 / 이유 / 기간 for you, famous for kimchi, wait for 2 hours

made of vs made from

for 기간 vs since 시점

동사+전치사 고정 표현 (콜로케이션) — 규칙 없음, 통째로 암기

on
depend on focus on insist on congratulate sb on rely on
with
agree with deal with help sb with be satisfied with provide sb with
for
apologize for apply for wait for blame sb for search for
of
consist of think of be afraid of remind sb of approve of
at
look at laugh at arrive at be good at aim at
to
listen to belong to apologize to (사람) respond to object to
from
suffer from recover from differ from result from
in
believe in result in succeed in specialize in

자주 틀리는 콜로케이션 함정

장소 전치사 생략 — home / here / there

home — 부사, 전치사 없음

congratulate 구조