영어 관계부사 치트시트

English Relative Adverbs — where / when / why / how 한눈에

핵심 구조

관계부사 = 전치사 + which 흡수  |  선행사 + 관계부사 + 완전한 절
This is the city where I was born. = This is the city in which I was born.

관계부사 선택표

관계부사선행사= 전치사 + which
where 장소 in/at/on which the city where I live
when 시간 in/on/at which the day when we met
why the reason for which the reason why he left
how 없음 (생략 필수) in which how she did it

각 관계부사 용법

where — 장소
This is the place where it happened. I know where she lives. (선행사 생략)
when — 시간
I remember the day when we met. I know when it happened. (선행사 생략)
why — 이유 (the reason)
the reason why he quit = the reason that he quit = the reason he quit (구어 선호)
how — 방법 (선행사 없음)
the way howhow she did it ✅ the way she did it ✅ the way that she did it ✅

선행사 생략 → 명사절

역할
주어Where she lives is a mystery.
목적어Tell me where you live.
보어The question is why he quit.

관계부사 vs 관계대명사 — 빈자리 판별

관계절을 독립 문장으로 펼쳤을 때 명사 자리가 비어있으면 관계대명사, 없으면 관계부사.
관계대명사 — 빈자리 있음
the city which I visited → I visited [___] ← 목적어 빈자리
관계부사 — 빈자리 없음
the city where I was born → I was born in the city. ← 주어+동사 완전

비제한적 용법 — 쉼표 있음

제한적 — 선행사 범위 좁힘
I like summers when it doesn't rain. (비 안 오는 여름만 특정)
비제한적 — 부가 정보
I visited Paris, where I met an old friend. (파리에 갔는데, 거기서…)

격식 차이

용법형태
일상관계부사the city where I was born
격식·문어전치사 + whichthe city in which I was born
뜻 동일. 독해 시 in which = where로 바로 읽으면 됨.