영어 5형식 치트시트

모든 영어 문장은 5가지 패턴 중 하나 — 동사가 형식을 결정

5형식 전체 지도

1

S + V

The bird flew. / She arrived yesterday.

완전 자동사
목적어 불필요

2

S + V + C

She looks tired. (She = tired)

S = C
연결동사

3

S + V + O

I love coffee. / She broke the window.

완전 타동사
목적어 하나

4

S + V + O₁ + O₂

I gave her a gift. (her ≠ gift)

O₁≠O₂
간접+직접목적어

5

S + V + O + OC

We elected him president. (him = president)

O = OC
목적격 보어

2형식 — 연결동사(Linking Verb)

동사	뜻	예
be / become	이다 / 되다	He became a doctor.
look / seem / appear	~처럼 보이다	She looks tired.
feel / smell / taste / sound	감각	It smells good.
get / turn / grow / remain / stay	상태 변화	It got dark.

연결동사 뒤 = 형용사(보어). 부사 쓰면 틀림.
✗ She looks tiredly. ✓ She looks tired.

4형식 → 3형식 전환

전치사	동사	예
to (전달)	give, send, show, tell, teach, lend	I gave a gift to her.
for (혜택)	buy, make, cook, find, get	She made coffee for me.

4형식 vs 5형식 구별법

등호(=) 테스트: O = OC 성립하면 5형식

I gave her a gift.	her ≠ gift	4형식
I made her happy.	her = happy	5형식
We elected him president.	him = president	5형식

5형식 목적격 보어 종류

보어 형태	예	동사 유형
명사	They elected him president.	임명·선출
형용사	She made me happy.	상태 변화
to부정사	I want you to stay.	want/tell/ask
원형부정사	I saw him run.	지각동사
현재분사	I heard her singing.	지각동사 (진행)
과거분사	She had her hair cut.	have (수동)

지각동사·사역동사 — 원형 vs to부정사

동사 유형	보어	예
지각동사 see/hear/feel/watch	원형 or -ing	I saw him run / running
사역 make (강제)	원형	She made me do it.
사역 let (허락)	원형	Let me try.
사역 have (지시)	원형	I had him fix it.
get (설득)	to부정사	I got him to fix it.

지각동사: 원형 = 행위 전체 목격 / -ing = 진행 중인 장면 목격

형식별 수동태

형식	능동	수동
3형식	They built the bridge.	The bridge was built by them.
4형식	They gave her a gift.	She was given a gift.
4형식	They gave her a gift.	A gift was given to her.
5형식	They elected him president.	He was elected president.
지각/사역	I saw him run.	He was seen to run. (to 추가)

5형식 대표 동사

그룹	동사
임명·선출	elect, appoint, choose, name, call
상태 변화	make, keep, leave, turn, drive
인식·판단	think, find, consider, believe
지각	see, hear, feel, watch