영어 분사 치트시트
English Participles — 감정동사 / 분사구문 / 독립분사구문 / 완료분사구문
감정동사 분사: -ing vs -ed
주어가 감정을 유발하면 -ing, 느끼면 -ed
| 동사 | -ing(유발) | -ed(경험) |
|---|
| bore | boring | bored |
| interest | interesting | interested |
| excite | exciting | excited |
| surprise | surprising | surprised |
| confuse | confusing | confused |
| disappoint | disappointing | disappointed |
| amaze | amazing | amazed |
분사 위치 — 명사 앞 vs 뒤
| 형태 | 위치 | 예 |
|---|
| 단독 | 앞 | a sleeping baby / a broken window |
| 구(phrase) | 뒤 | a baby sleeping in the crib |
분사의 보어 역할
| 형식 | 예 |
|---|
| 주격 보어(2형식) | She sat crying. / The door remained locked. |
| 목적격 보어(5형식) | I heard him singing. / She found the door locked. |
목적어가 능동으로 하면 -ing, 수동으로 받으면 -ed
분사구문 만들기
① 주어 같으면 생략 ② 동사 → 분사 ③ 접속사 생략
| Because he was tired | → Being tired (= Tired), he went to bed early. |
| While she was walking home | → Walking home, she met him. |
분사구문의 의미 관계
| 의미 | 예 |
|---|
| 시간/동시동작 | Walking home, she met him. |
| 이유 | Being tired, she went to bed early. |
| 조건 | Turning left, you'll see the bank. |
| 양보 | Admitting his fault, he didn't apologize. |
주절이 결과·상태 → 이유 / 주절이 사건 → 시간·동시동작
독립 분사구문
주절과 주어 다를 때 자체 주어 남김 — Weather permitting, we'll go on a picnic.
| Generally speaking | 일반적으로 말하면 |
| Strictly speaking | 엄밀히 말하면 |
| Judging from ~ | ~로 판단하면 |
| Considering ~ | ~을 고려하면 |
완료 분사구문
주절보다 먼저 일어난 동작: Having + p.p.
| Having finished the report, she went home. |
| Having lost his wallet, he couldn't pay. |
| 수동 완료: Having been + p.p. (= Warned before, having been 생략 가능) |
단순 -ing = 동시/직전 / Having + p.p. = 확실히 먼저