영어 관계사 심화 치트시트
Advanced Relative Clauses — 복합관계사 / 유사관계대명사 / 축약
복합관계대명사
| 단어 | 의미 | 풀어쓰면 |
|---|
whoever | ~하는 누구든 | anyone who |
whatever | ~하는 무엇이든 | anything that |
whichever | (둘 중) ~하는 것 | any one that |
쉼표 없음 = 명사절 / 쉼표 있음 = 양보절 — Whatever you say is fine. vs Whatever you say, I won't change.
복합관계부사
| 단어 | 의미 |
|---|
wherever | ~하는 곳 어디든 |
whenever | ~할 때 언제든 |
however | 아무리 ~해도 (however + 형용사/부사) |
However, I disagree. = 접속부사(그러나) | However tired I am = 복합관계부사(아무리 피곤해도)
절 전체를 받는 which
반드시 쉼표 뒤(비제한적), that으로 교체 불가
He was late, which made everyone angry. |
| She passed the exam, which surprised us all. |
유사관계대명사 — as / but / than
| 단어 | 조건 | 예문 |
|---|
as | such/the same 뒤 | the same mistake as I did |
but | 부정 선행사(no, nothing) 뒤 | no rule but has exceptions |
than | 비교급 선행사 뒤 | more money than is needed |
what 관용 표현
| 표현 | 뜻 |
|---|
what is called | 이른바, 소위 |
what is more | 게다가 (긍정 추가) |
what is worse | 설상가상으로 (부정 추가) |
what is better | 더 좋은 것은 |
관계절 축약 — 분사로
| 원문 | 축약 |
|---|
| The man who is standing there | The man standing there |
| The letter which was written by him | The letter written by him |
| The girl who is in the red dress | The girl in the red dress |
조건: 주격 관계대명사 + be동사 있을 때만. 목적격은 축약 불가.
수량어 + of which / of whom
I bought ten books, some of which I've already read. |
She has three sisters, all of whom are doctors. |
사람 → whom / 사물 → which | them 쓰려면 and 필수 (and 없으면 comma splice)
관계절 vs 동격절 — that
| 종류 | 판별 | 예문 |
|---|
| 관계절 | 절 안에 빈자리 있음 → "~하는" | The rumor that he spread was false. |
| 동격절 | 절이 완전 → "~라는" | The rumor that he had quit surprised us. |
동격절 자주 쓰는 명사: fact / rumor / news / idea / belief / claim / suggestion
이중 관계절 — 안쪽부터 읽기
The book [that the teacher [who taught me] recommended] was great. — 2중까지, 3중은 문장 분리 권장
후치 관계절
선행사 멀리 떨어져도 수식 대상은 앞 명사 — A man came in who I didn't recognize.
관계절의 시제
The woman who lives next door is a doctor. — 지금도 거주 → 현재형 |
The woman who lived next door moved away. — 예전 거주 → 과거형 |
관계절 시제는 주절 시제와 무관, 사실 시점이 기준