brain

시간 전치사 in / on / at

핵심 논리: 범위가 클수록 in, 작을수록 at

전치사	범위	예시
in	넓은 기간 (연·월·계절·아침/오후)	in 2024, in March, in summer, in the morning
on	하루 단위 (요일·날짜)	on Monday, on March 5th, on Christmas Day
at	특정 시점 (시각·순간)	at 3 o’clock, at noon, at midnight, at the moment

함정:

• “아침에” → in the morning (아침이라는 긴 대역)
• “월요일 아침에” → on Monday morning (특정 날 우선, on 승)
• “정오에” → at noon (딱 찍힌 순간)

예문:

• I usually wake up in the morning.
• The meeting is on Friday.
• See you at 9.

---

장소 전치사 in / on / at

핵심 논리: 범위 크기 순 (시간과 동일)

전치사	범위	예시
in	안에 둘러싸인 공간	in the room, in Seoul, in Korea, in the box
on	표면 위 접촉	on the table, on the floor, on the wall, on the street
at	특정 지점·장소	at the bus stop, at the door, at the office, at school

뉘앙스:

• at school(위치) vs in school(재학 중)
• 교통수단: 둘러싸인 것 → in a car / 탑승 플랫폼 → on a bus, on a train, on a plane

예문:

• I left my keys in the car.
• She’s on the bus right now.
• Meet me at the entrance.

---

이동 전치사 to / toward / into / onto

핵심: 도달 여부 + 어디로

전치사	의미	예시
to	목적지 도달	go to Seoul, walk to the door
toward	방향만 (도달 여부 모름)	walk toward the door
into	안으로 진입 (동작)	walk into the room, jump into the pool
onto	표면 위로 도달 (동작)	climb onto the roof, jump onto the table

상태 vs 동작:

• in(상태) vs into(동작): She is in the room. / She walked into the room.
• on(상태) vs onto(동작): The cat is on the table. / The cat jumped onto the table.

onto vs over:

• onto = 올라가서 거기 착지 (목적지가 그 표면)
• over = 위를 넘어서 지나감

예문:

• He climbed onto the roof. (지붕에 올라가 있음)
• He jumped over the fence. (울타리를 넘어서 반대편으로)

---

투과·통과 전치사 through / across / along / past

핵심: 어떻게 통과하냐

전치사	의미	예시
through	내부를 관통 (3D 공간 안을 지남)	through the tunnel, through the window, through the forest
across	표면을 가로질러 (2D 평면 위를 지남)	across the street, across the bridge, across the room
along	선을 따라 이동	along the river, along the road, along the corridor
past	옆을 지나침 (멈추지 않음)	walk past the shop, drive past the school

through vs across:

• 터널 → through (안을 관통)
• 다리 → across (표면 위를 건넘)

through vs beyond:

• through = 관통해서 반대편 도달
• beyond = 넘어선 저편 (더 먼 곳)

예문:

• She looked through the window. (창문을 통해서)
• There’s a city beyond the mountains. (산 너머 저편)
• He walked past the café. (카페 옆을 지나침)
• He walked through the café. (카페 안을 통과)

---

수직 위치 전치사 above / below / over / under

핵심: 접촉 여부

전치사	의미	접촉 여부
over	바로 위 (덮거나 가로지를 수도 있음)	접촉 가능
above	위 (단순 위치, 덮지 않음)	접촉 없음
under	바로 아래 (덮여 있음)	접촉 가능
below	아래 (단순 위치)	접촉 없음

over vs above:

• over = 덮거나 이동 포함 가능
• above = 단순 높이·수치 비교

under vs below:

• under = 바로 아래, 덮여 있는 느낌
• below = 단순 낮은 위치·수치·층위

예문:

• She put a blanket over him. (담요로 덮음)
• The lamp hangs above the table. (떠 있음, 접촉 없음)
• The cat is under the table. (테이블 바로 아래)
• It’s below zero today. (수치)

---

근접·분리 전치사 by / beside / between / among / near / from

핵심: 얼마나 가깝냐, 몇 개 사이냐

전치사	의미	예시
near	가까이 (거리 막연)	near the station
by / beside	바로 옆 (near보다 가까움)	sit by me, stand beside the door
between	사이 (둘, 또는 명확히 구분된 것들)	between A and B
among	사이 (셋 이상, 무리 속)	among friends, among the trees
from	출발점·분리	come from Seoul, far from home

between vs among:

• between = 개수 2개 (또는 명확히 구분된 그룹)
• among = 3개 이상, 무리 속에 섞임

예문:

• The secret is between you and me. (딱 둘)
• She found her phone among the clothes. (옷더미 속)
• He’s from Korea. / Far from perfect.

---

원인·수단·도구 전치사 by / with / because of / due to

핵심: 수단(어떻게) vs 도구(뭘 써서) vs 원인(왜)

전치사	의미	예시
by	수단·행위자	by car, by hand, painted by Picasso
with	도구 (손에 쥔 것)	cut with a knife, write with a pen
because of	원인 (구어)	late because of traffic
due to	원인 (격식)	delayed due to bad weather

by vs with:

• with = 도구 (뭘 손에 들고)
• by = 수단·방법 (어떤 방식으로) / 행위자 (수동태)

by 교통수단 → 관사 없음: by car / by bus / by train ✅ (by a car ❌)

예문:

• He opened the door with a key. (도구)
• He opened the door by pushing it. (방법)
• She was killed with a knife. / She was killed by a stranger.
• The game was cancelled due to rain. (격식)
• I was late because of you. (일상)

---

관련·주제 전치사 about / of / for / on

핵심: 얼마나 구체적·격식적이냐

전치사	의미	예시
about	~에 관해 (일반·구어)	talk about money, a book about war
on	~에 관해 (격식·학술)	a lecture on economics, an essay on climate
of	~의 (소속·내용·구성·추상)	the smell of coffee, fear of failure
for	~을 위해 / ~의 이유로 / 기간	for you, famous for kimchi, for 2 hours

made of vs made from:

• made of = 재료 그대로 (table made of wood)
• made from = 재료가 변형됨 (wine made from grapes)

for 기간 vs since 시점:

• for 2 hours (기간) / since 2020 (시작 시점)

예문:

• Let’s talk about the problem. (일상)
• She gave a talk on quantum physics. (강연)
• This is for you. / I waited for 2 hours.

---

동사+전치사 고정 표현 (콜로케이션)

규칙 없음 — 통째로 암기.

on: depend on / focus on / insist on / congratulate sb on with: agree with / deal with / help sb with / be satisfied with for: apologize for / apply for / wait for / blame sb for of: consist of / think of / be afraid of / remind sb of

함정:

• agree with (의견에 동의) — agree with his opinion ✅
• apologize for (행위에) / apologize to (사람에게) — 둘 다 씀
• wait for you ✅ (wait to you ❌)

---

전치사 생략 규칙

장소 부사 — 전치사 없이 바로:

• go home ✅ (go to home ❌)
• come here / go there ✅
• 단, 소유격 붙으면 to 복활: go to my home ✅

시간 — yesterday/today/tomorrow/last~/next~/this~/every~ 앞엔 전치사 없음:

• yesterday / today / tomorrow ✅ (on yesterday ❌)
• last Monday / next week / this Friday / every day ✅

방향 내포 동사 — to 생략:

• enter the room ✅ (enter to the room ❌)
• reach Seoul ✅ / approach the table ✅