관계부사는 부사(구)를 대신해서 두 문장을 연결한다.
This is the city. + I was born in the city.
→ This is the city [where I was born].
↑ "in the city" = where
| 관계부사 | 선행사 | 대신하는 것 |
|---|---|---|
where |
장소 | in/at/on the place |
when |
시간 | in/on/at the time |
why |
이유 (the reason) | for the reason |
how |
방법 (the way) | in the way |
관계부사는 전치사 + which로 바꿔 쓸 수 있다. 뜻 동일.
the city where I was born = the city in which I was born
the day when we met = the day on which we met
the reason why he left = the reason for which he left
일상 → where/when 선호. 격식·문어체 → in which / on which.
독해 시 in which = where임을 즉시 인식하는 것이 핵심.
선행사가 시간 표현(the day / the time / the year / the moment…)일 때 when.
I remember the day [when we first met].
That was the year [when everything changed].
선행사 생략 가능:
I remember when we first met. (= the time when ~)
선행사는 거의 항상 the reason.
That's the reason [why he left].
the reason why = the reason that = the reason — 셋 다 허용.
구어에서는 선행사만 남기고 why 생략이 가장 자연스럽다.
선행사 없이도 사용:
I know why he left. (= the reason why ~)
the way와 how 동시 사용 불가.
This is the way how he did it. ❌
This is how he did it. ✅ (how만)
This is the way he did it. ✅ (the way만)
This is the way that he did it. ✅ (the way + that)
how는 항상 선행사 없이 명사절:
I don't know how she did it.
Show me how it works.
where / when / why / how 모두 선행사 없이 명사절로 쓸 수 있다.
Tell me where you live. (= the place where ~, 목적어)
I remember when it happened. (= the time when ~, 목적어)
I know why she left. (= the reason why ~, 목적어)
Where she lives is a mystery. (주어)
The question is why he quit. (보어)
관계절을 독립 문장으로 펼쳤을 때 명사 자리가 비어있는지 확인.
the city which I visited
→ I visited [???] ← 목적어 자리 비어있음 → 관계대명사 which
the city where I was born
→ I was born in the city. ← 주어+동사 완전, 빈 명사 자리 없음 → 관계부사 where
규칙:
제한적 — 선행사 범위 좁힘
I like summers when it doesn't rain. (비 안 오는 여름만)
비제한적 — 이미 특정된 것에 부가 정보
I visited Paris last summer, where I met an old friend.
앞 문장 전체를 선행사로 받기도 함:
He moved to Seoul, where he started a new life.