brain

do 강조

일반동사 강조: 주어 + do/does/did + 동사원형

• I do like you. (정말로 좋아해)
• She does know the answer.
• He did call me last night.

사용: 상대방 반박에 대한 강조, 예상과 다름 강조, 명령문 정중한 권유(Do sit down.) do/does/did가 시제 담당 → 뒤 동사는 반드시 원형. 주로 구어체. 글에선 이탤릭으로 대체하기도 함.

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It-cleft (분열문)

형태: It is/was + 강조 대상 + that + 나머지

강조 대상 위치에 따라:

• 주어: It was she that broke the window.
• 목적어: It was the window that she broke.
• 부사구: It was yesterday that he called me.

사람이면 that 대신 who 가능: It was she who broke the window. 부정: It was not she that broke it. 시제: 주절에 맞춤 (is/was).

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Wh-cleft (의사 분열문)

형태: What + 주어 + 동사 + is/was + 강조 대상

• What I need is a break.
• What surprised me was his reaction.

역전형: A break is what I need.

All-cleft: All 사용 → “오직 ~만이” 뉘앙스

• All I want is peace.
• All she did was cry.

정보 구조와의 연결:

• It-cleft: 구정보(that절) + 신정보(it is 뒤)
• Wh-cleft: 화제 설정(What절) + 초점(= 이후)

구어 vs 문어:

구어:  What I want to say is this: be careful.
문어:  It is this point that merits further investigation.

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재귀대명사 강조

-self/-selves로 “바로 ~가 직접”이라는 뜻 추가. 강조할 명사 바로 뒤 또는 문장 끝.

• The president himself signed the document.
• I made this cake myself.

강조 vs 재귀 구분: 생략해도 문장 성립하면 강조, 생략하면 의미 깨지면 재귀.

• I did it myself. (강조 — 생략 가능)
• I hurt myself. (재귀 — 생략 불가)

by oneself = 혼자서(alone). 강조 용법과 다름. “직접”으로 번역하면 대부분 자연스러움.

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부사 강조

Gradable 형용사: very/extremely/incredibly/rather/fairly Ungradable 형용사(정도 없는 단어): absolutely/completely/totally/utterly

Gradable	Ungradable
tired	exhausted
good	perfect
surprised	amazed
bad	terrible/awful

• very tired ✅ / absolutely exhausted ✅
• very exhausted ❌ / very perfect ❌

강조 부사 + 부정어: absolutely don’t, simply doesn’t, just won’t.

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어순 강조 (전치)

목적어·보어를 문두로 옮겨 강조. 주어·동사 어순은 유지.

• This book I have read three times. (목적어 전치)
• His advice I will never forget.
• Happy I was not. (보어 전치)
• This I can do. That I cannot. (대비 강조)

격식·문어체.